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| Unit 24 The science of farming
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作者： BX
发表时间： 2005-11-29 文章出处： 互联网
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一、教学目标与要求
通过本单元教学，继续学习、巩固有关直接引语和间接引语的内容。学生应能熟练地把直接引语转换为间接引语。复习有关谈论天气的话题，能熟练的描述各种天气。通过对课文的学习，让学生了解我国历史上农业发展的情况，并能用英语进行简单描述。
二、教学重点与难点
1．重点词汇develop；experience；knock out of；point out；turn over；go against；a-gree to do ；now and then
2．重要句型 1）The soil should also be turned over with a fork so that the weedswould be destroyed．2）The book，which has 110 000 characters，is about both farming andgardening．
3．语法 间接引语：1）He said that the best seed-heads should be hung up to dry．2）They asked him if it was a good idea to sow wheat close together．3）They asked him whenhe harvested the wheat．4）He advised/told farmers to do things at the right time of year．
4．日常交际用语 谈论天气（Talking about the weather）：1）It’s a beautiful day today．2）It’s going to be dry and sunny for the next two days．3）What’s the weather going to belike at the weekend？4）They say it’s going to be wet and windy．
三、课型
（一）对话课
Ⅰ．教具 录音机，投影仪。
Ⅱ．课堂教学设计
1．教师通过以下步骤导入本课：向学生提出下列问题：1）Have you ever been to a farmbefore？2）When we talk about the farm，what words can you think of？
可将学生给出的词语列在黑板上，借以复习相关词汇。如学生没提及天气情况，教师可用问题加以引导：Good！You’ve given me a lot of words that have something to do with farm-ing．What about the weather？Do you think that weather is important in farming？Why？
2．准备放对话录音。借助投影片打出以下听前提问：1）What’s the weather like for thenext two days？2）What’s the weather going to be like at the weekend？
放录音一至两遍，请学生回答上述问题，教师予以必要订正。
Key：1）It’s going to be dry and sunny for the next two days．2）It’s going to be wet andwindy．
3．再次放对话录音，学生跟读。将学生分为两人一组练习对话。数分钟后，请两、三组同学到前面表演。
教师指导学生归纳在本课中有关谈论天气情况的常用语句（见日常交际用语部分），并提供新的情景，由学生编小对话。
情景1：You are supposed to plant trees with your classmates tomorrow．Now you aretalking about the weather reports with your classmates and discuss what to do if it rains to-morrow．
情景2：You and your friends are planning a trip to the country by bike this coming Sun-day．From the weather reports you already know that it is going to be fine in the morningand there will be a strong wind in the afternoon．
Talk with your friends and make a careful plan about your trip．
经数分钟练习后，教师可请几位同学到前面进行表演，教师予以讲评。
4．要求学生将该课对话以狄克为第一人称的角度，改写为一篇短文。教师可给予必要的提示。
提示语：1）a farmer，living in England；2）beautiful day，working in the fields；3）talk-ing about the weather；4）decide what to do for farm work
给出首句：I am a farmer，living in the west of England．
要求学生根据对话，参照老师所给提示及首句，编写短文。
Model：
I am a farmer，living in the west of England．I am always busy with my farm work．It’sa beautiful day today and I’m now working in the fields with Tim．Tim is helping me at themoment．We’re talking about the weather for the next two days and also for the comingweekend．And we’ve decided to sow carrot seed tomorrow and pick the rest of the cabbagesbefore the weather changes．
当堂要求学生完成，如时间允许，可请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予以讲评。
5．布置作业1）预习第94、95课；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。
（二）阅读理解课（Ⅰ）
Ⅰ．教具 录音机，投影仪。
Ⅱ．课堂教学设计
1．检查生词及短语。
2．教师通过以下提问导入正课：Every day people need a lot of food．And the food main-ly comes from the corn，the wheat，the rice and so on．Farmers grow them year after yearand provide us with enough food．In our country we still have a lot of people who are farm-ers．And many farmers still work with their hands though lots of machines are used every-where．If I ask you what you have already known about farming，maybe few of you can an-swer this question well．Now we’ll learn something about farming in old China，
3．教师给出读前提问：1）What were the people in other countries doing while the farm-ers in China were developing the science of farming？2）What book did he write？What is thebook about？
教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文。之后请同学回答上述问题。
Key：1）People in other countries were trying to catch wild animals and birds and werestill collecting seeds and nuts while farmers in China were developing the science of agricul-ture．2）He wrote a book called Qi Min Yao Shu and the book is about both farming and gar-dening．
4．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师就课文内容提问，检查学生的理解程度（可参阅练习册中所列出的问题）
5．教师用投影仪打出以下statements，要求学生判断其正误。并对错误的statements 进行修改。
1）China was the first country in the world to study the science of farming．2）The textdoes not tell us where the earliest research centre for agriculture was．3）Both Yidu andGaoyang where Jia Sixie once lived and worked are in Shandong Province．4）He didn’t wantto work in the government．So he returned home and spent his time on agriculture．5）He ad-vised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads，which were much bigger than others．6）Af-ter the seeds were sown，they should be knocked out of the seed-heads．7）He pointed out itwas important that wheat should be planted with space between the plants．8）He did experi-ments to show his way was better．9）The book called Qi Min Yao Shu was written overyears ago．
Key：1）False（China was one of the first countries in the world to study the science offarming．）2）False（China was the earliest research centre for agriculture．）3）True 4）False（After years of working in the government，he returned home and spent his time on a-griculture．）5）False（The best seed-heads were those with the best colour．）6）False（Be-fore the seeds were sown，they should be knocked out of the seed-heads．）7）False．（Hesaid that it was important to plant wheat close together．）8）True 9）False（The book waswritten during the years 533～544，that is，over 1 400 years ago．）
6．请学生利用课文所提供的内容，挑出有关描写贾思勰研究农业的词语：
1）spent his time on research into agriculture；2）collected information，studied it，didexperiments and learnt from the experiences of farmers；3）studied ways of keeping seeds；4）studied how to improve soil conditions；5）learnt how to clean rough ground before plant-ing crops…
学生先在小组内交流并相互启发、补充，然后请学生在班上交流。
7．布置作业1）复述课文；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。
阅读理解课（Ⅱ）
Ⅰ．教具 录音机，投影仪。
Ⅱ．课堂教学设计
1．通过提问温习第一部分课文内容：1）Which country was the earliest research centrefor agriculture？2）Farmers in China were developing the science of agriculture while peoplein other countries were still trying to catch wild animals and birds and were still collectingseeds and nuts．What does it show？3）Who was Jia Sixie and where was he born？4）Whatdid he do after Jia Sixie returned home after working many years for the government？5）Canyou tell us something about his advice to the farmers？6）When did he write his book calledQi Min Yao Shu？And what is the book about？Please give an example．
2．检查第一部分课文复述。
3．教师用投影仪打出以下表格，要求学生在阅读第95课的同时，利用课文中所提供的信息填写表格，介绍贾思勰在《齐民要术》中有关种庄稼的一些建议：
Say something about Jia Sixie’s pieces of advice from his book“Qi Min Yao Shu”
学生先在小组内交流并相互启发、补充，然后请学生在班上交流。
4．布置作业 1）复述课文，重点介绍贾思勰在《齐民要术》中有关种庄稼的建议；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。
（三）语言训练课
Ⅰ．教具 投影仪。
Ⅱ．课堂教学设计
1．教师检查课文复述。
2．教师从本单元词语中选择部分常见词语，配以例句介绍给学生。要求学生反复练习这些例句，并请同学造句，教师予以讲评订正。
词语：loaf；experience；knock…out of；condition；rough；point out；turn over；go a-gainst；plough；year after year
例句：1）Here are four people but I’ve got only three loaves of bread．What shall I do？2）Have you had any experience in this kind of work？3）Jia Sixie told the farmers to knockthe seeds out of the seed-heads before sowing them．4）She was knocked out by the sadnews．5）What are conditions like in your country now？6）Look at his hands．They are roughwith work．7）He pointed out that it was very foolish to do that．8）The soil must be turnedover before planning．9）He turned over a page or two．10）He went against his mother’swishes．11）Farmers plough their fields in autumn or spring．12）Year after year I got a letterfrom him on New Year’s Day．
3．书面表达练习
中文提示（用投影片打出）：1）周兰生在城市，去年去农村经历难忘；2）建议教师去农村学农；3）周兰响应，乘火车前往老家；4）设想农村生活艰苦；5）后来发现机械化程度高，农村大变样
英文提示（用投影片打出）：1）experience；2）point out；3）farming；4）advise somebodyto do something ；5）conditions ；6）remove
将首句给出：Zhou Lan was born in a big city．
七、八分钟后，请几位同学朗读自己的短文，教师予以讲评。
Model：
Zhou Lan was born in a big city．She had never been to the country until last summervacation．It was a wonderful experience for her．
Before the vacation，her teacher pointed out that it was important for the students tolearn something about farming，and advised them to go to the countryside for a visit．SoZhou Lan took a train to her hometown---a small village in Sichuan Province．Before sheleft，she had thought that the conditions there must be very bad：the road must be rough；and the farmers will do nothing but remove weeds every day．When she got there，she wassurprised to see that machines were used a lot in the fields and the living conditions therewere much better than she had thought．She stayed there for two weeks and was very muchinterested in farming．
4．布置作业 1）预习第25单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。
四、难句分析
1．He is always busy with his farm work．他总是忙于他的农场工作。
be busy with的意思是“忙于……”。例如：
Mother is always busy with her housework．妈妈总是忙于家务。
They pretended to be busy with preparation for the exam．他们装着忙于备考的样子。
busy也常用于be busy doing sth．意思是“忙于做某事”。例如：
They are busy making paper flowers．他们忙着做纸花。
Mother is always busy doing her housework．妈妈总是忙于做家务。
2．In the following spring，the seeds should be knocked out of the seed-heads and sown．到第二年春天把种子从谷穗里打出来，然后再播种。
knock out of是动词短语，“从……中敲出”。例如：
The sudden blow knocked two teeth out of his mouth．这突然的一击把两颗牙齿从他的嘴里打出来了。
The diamond was knocked out of the ring when I dropped it．我的戒指掉下来时，钻石被敲出来了。
knock构成的短语动词还有：knock at（敲……），knock against（撞击），knock down（撞倒），knock over（撞翻）等。
Who is knocking at／on the door？谁在敲门？
The car knocked the bike over．汽车把自行车撞倒了。
The child knocked his head against the wall．那小孩把头撞在墙上了。
The cow knocked down a small tree and ate the leaves．那头牛把一棵小树撞倒了，把树叶吃了。
3．The soil should also be turned over with a fork so that the weeds would be de-stroyed．还应当用耙子翻地，以除掉杂草。
1）turn over的意思是“翻转”。例如：
The doctor turned him over and looked at his back．医生把他翻转身来看看他的背部。
When the telephone rang，he just turned over and went to sleep again．电话铃响的时候，他翻了一下身，又睡着了。
2）关于turn的用法小结。
A．不及物动词，作“转动、转身、拐弯”解。例如：
The wheel turned slowly．车轮慢慢地转动。
B．及物动词，作“转动、翻动”。例如：
He turned his car to the left．他把汽车向左开。
C．连系动词，作“变得”。例如：
The leaves turn yellow in autumn．树叶在秋天变黄。
D．构成短语。
turn on／off开／关（电灯，收音机）；turn into变成，译成；turn out关掉，熄灭；turn to翻动，转向
4．Do not plant，for example，rice year after year in the same field．例如，在同一块地里，不要年复一年地种稻谷。
year after year是“年复一年地”意思，表示每年重复。例如：
We used to go to the mountain village for a holiday year after year．我们以前年年都去那个山村度假。
Year after year we have had a Christmas card from Dick．我们年年都收到迪克寄来的圣诞卡。
注意，还有一个词组year by year的意思是“逐年（变化）”。例如：
The boy grows taller year by year．这男孩长得一年比一年高了。
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